{"id":38405,"date":"2019-09-03T09:54:58","date_gmt":"2019-09-03T09:54:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/netran.net\/?p=38405"},"modified":"2022-11-08T16:40:58","modified_gmt":"2022-11-08T13:10:58","slug":"%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%da%a9-%d9%be%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%aa-%d9%be%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%da%a9-%d9%be%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%aa-%d9%be%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%85\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06a9 \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06a9 \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 OSI<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0644 OSI<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0645 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06a9 \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0631\u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-55405\" src=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/osimodel-346x400-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"346\" height=\"400\"><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0644 OSI \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 Data Link<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>MAC<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc Logical topology<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>LLC<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter-rtl ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%da%a9-%d9%be%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%aa-%d9%be%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%85\/#%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_Data_Link\" >\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 Data Link:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%da%a9-%d9%be%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%aa-%d9%be%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%85\/#%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9\" >\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%da%a9-%d9%be%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%aa-%d9%be%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%85\/#%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85_Packet\" >\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 Packet<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%da%a9-%d9%be%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%aa-%d9%be%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%85\/#%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_MAC_Address\" >\u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc MAC Address<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%da%a9-%d9%be%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%aa-%d9%be%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%85\/#%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%DB%8C_Logical_Topology\" >\u062a\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc Logical Topology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%da%a9-%d9%be%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%aa-%d9%be%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%85\/#%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%da%a9-%d9%be%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%aa-%d9%be%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%85\/#LLC\" >LLC:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%da%a9-%d9%be%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%aa-%d9%be%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%85\/#%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9\" >\u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%da%a9-%d9%be%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%aa-%d9%be%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%85\/#%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1\" >\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0622\u062e\u0631<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_Data_Link\"><\/span>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 Data Link:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-55406\" src=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/osi-model-1-376x400-1.jpg\" alt=\"\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06a9 \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0645\" width=\"376\" height=\"400\"><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 Data Link \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Media Access Control \u06cc\u0627 MAC<\/li>\n<li>Logical Link Control \u06cc\u0627 LLC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9\"><\/span>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc 2 \u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc Data Link \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a Packet\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647. \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc MAC \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 LLC \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u0631\u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85_Packet\"><\/span>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 Packet<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0646. \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 Packet \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0646. \u067e\u06a9\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0632 \u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_MAC_Address\"><\/span>\u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc MAC Address<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0631 NIC \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 MAC Address \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 12 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 6 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a 2 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647. \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0647\u06af\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc 16 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647. \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 0 \u062a\u0627 9 \u06cc\u0627 A \u062a\u0627 F \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0647. \u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 MAC Address \u0633\u0647 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u200c\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0647 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644. \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634 \u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u06a9\u0647. \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u06cc\u0686\u200c\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>00:12:34:3F:AA:11<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a D-Link \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0633\u0647 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc D-Link \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%DB%8C_Logical_Topology\"><\/span>\u062a\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc Logical Topology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-55407\" src=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/oismodel1-303x400-1.png\" alt=\"\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06a9 \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0645\" width=\"303\" height=\"400\"><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0647. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. Logical Topology \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0647. \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u06a9\u0634\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c. \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u0633\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a Contention<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u0632\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0642\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0634 \u0631\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0647. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a&nbsp; \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0647. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u200c\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627 Collision \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u0641\u062a\u0647. \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0631\u062e \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0628\u062a Polling<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 Controller \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647. \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627 Collision \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc Token Passing<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647. \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u06a9\u062a \u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0634 \u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u06a9\u062a Token \u0631\u0648 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 Collision \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C\"><\/span>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u062d\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u062d\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0634\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-55408\" src=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/osi-model-2-602x400-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"602\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/osi-model-2-602x400-1.jpg 602w, https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/osi-model-2-602x400-1-272x182.jpg 272w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 Media Access \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><strong>CSMA\/CD<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0648 Media Access \u0647\u0633\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634 CSMA\/CD \u06cc\u0627 Carrier Sense Multiple Access\/Collision Detection \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0647. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0647. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0647\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645&nbsp; \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u06af\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0645\u200c\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u060c Collision \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0647\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646. \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0647\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Token Passing<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06a9\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0646 Token \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0646. \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 Token \u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0647 token \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u200c\u0628\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Token \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a Token \u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646. \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u062c\u0627\u200c\u0628\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0631\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u06cc Token \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0647. Token \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 Collision \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>CSMA\/CA<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 CSMA\/CD \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0634 \u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u063a\u0627\u0645 CTS \u06cc\u0627 Clear To Send \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647. \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u063a\u0627\u0645 CTS \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0648 Collision \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u0641\u062a\u0647. Carrier Sense Multiple Access\/Collision Avoidance \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0632 Collision \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"LLC\"><\/span>LLC:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-55409\" src=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/oismodel3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"281\"><\/p>\n<p>LLC \u06cc\u0627 Logical Link Control \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc Data Link \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc Network \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0644 MAC Address \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 IP \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 Network \u0647\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9\"><\/span>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bridge<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Switch<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>NIC<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1\"><\/span>\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0622\u062e\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0634\u0634\u0645 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06a9 \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06a9 \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0645. \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0647. \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0646\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0628\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n<a href=\"\" class=\"shortc-button medium button\"><\/a>\n[blog_posts style=&#8221;push&#8221; type=&#8221;row&#8221; columns=&#8221;3&#8243; columns__md=&#8221;1&#8243; depth_hover=&#8221;1&#8243; ids=&#8221;37385,36921,37775&#8243; title_size=&#8221;small&#8221; show_date=&#8221;false&#8221; excerpt=&#8221;false&#8221; show_category=&#8221;label&#8221; comments=&#8221;false&#8221; image_height=&#8221;75%&#8221;]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06a9 \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632: \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 OSI \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0644 OSI \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0645 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":38783,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[1131],"class_list":["post-38405","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-network-learning","tag-1131"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38405","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38405"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38405\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":82243,"href":"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38405\/revisions\/82243"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38783"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38405"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38405"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38405"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}