{"id":2031,"date":"2018-10-29T22:00:35","date_gmt":"2018-10-29T18:30:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mag.netran.net\/?p=2031"},"modified":"2022-11-09T14:46:13","modified_gmt":"2022-11-09T11:16:13","slug":"%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ac%d8%b9-osi-%d9%88-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c-%d8%a2%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ac%d8%b9-osi-%d9%88-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c-%d8%a2%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 OSI \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0641\u062a \u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 OSI \u06cc\u0627&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><a style=\"color: #800000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OSI_model\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Open Systems Interconnection<\/a><\/span> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631-\u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc- \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f. \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 OSI \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1983 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 ISO \u0648 CCITT \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644 <strong>\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 OSI<\/strong> \u0631\u0627 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f. \u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 TCP\/IP \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 OSI \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 7 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2096 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/osi-model-7-layers-1.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0633 \u0622\u06cc \/osi-model-7-layers\" width=\"800\" height=\"557\" srcset=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/osi-model-7-layers-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/osi-model-7-layers-1-768x535.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062e\u0648\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f:<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter-rtl ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span 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ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ac%d8%b9-osi-%d9%88-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c-%d8%a2%d9%86\/#%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%87%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%85_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D8%A7_Application\" >\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0641\u062a\u0645: \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 Application<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ac%d8%b9-osi-%d9%88-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c-%d8%a2%d9%86\/#%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%B4%D8%B4%D9%85_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%87_%DB%8C%D8%A7_Presentation\" >\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0634\u0645: \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u06cc\u0627&nbsp;Presentation&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ac%d8%b9-osi-%d9%88-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c-%d8%a2%d9%86\/#%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%87_%DB%8C%D8%A7_Session\" >\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0645: \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a(\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0647) \u06cc\u0627 Session&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ac%d8%b9-osi-%d9%88-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c-%d8%a2%d9%86\/#%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84_%DB%8C%D8%A7_Transport\" >\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0645: \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 Transport<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ac%d8%b9-osi-%d9%88-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c-%d8%a2%d9%86\/#%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87_%DB%8C%D8%A7_Network\" >\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0645: \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 Network&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ac%d8%b9-osi-%d9%88-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c-%d8%a2%d9%86\/#%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%DB%8C%D8%A7_Data_Link\" >\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0645: \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 Data Link<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ac%d8%b9-osi-%d9%88-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c-%d8%a2%d9%86\/#%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D8%A7_Physical\" >\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644: \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 Physical<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ac%d8%b9-osi-%d9%88-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c-%d8%a2%d9%86\/#%D8%AC%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B9_OSI_%DA%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%9F\" >\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 OSI \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%87%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%85_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D8%A7_Application\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0641\u062a\u0645: \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 Application<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 OSI \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 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href=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/http-%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%9F\/\">\u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 HTTP<\/a> \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2077 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/layer7.jpg\" alt=\"\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc\/application layer\" width=\"900\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/layer7.jpg 900w, https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/layer7-768x192.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" 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src=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/layer6.jpg\" alt=\"\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\/presentation layer\" width=\"900\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/layer6.jpg 900w, https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/layer6-768x192.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%87_%DB%8C%D8%A7_Session\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0645: \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a(\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0647) \u06cc\u0627 Session<\/span>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: 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\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a 45 \u0645\u06af\u0627\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc&nbsp;SOCKS \u0648 PPTP \u062c\u0632 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2081 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/layer5.jpg\" alt=\"\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a\/session layer\" width=\"450\" height=\"225\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84_%DB%8C%D8%A7_Transport\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0645: \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 Transport<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u06af\u0645\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06af\u0645\u0646\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0639\u06cc\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 TCP\u060c UDP\u060c NBF \u0648 &#8230; \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2084 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/layer4.jpg\" alt=\"\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\/transport layer\" width=\"846\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/layer4.jpg 846w, https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/layer4-768x204.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 846px) 100vw, 846px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87_%DB%8C%D8%A7_Network\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0645: \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 Network&nbsp;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u06af\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u06af (Routing) \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 IPv4 \u0648 IPv6 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2086 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/layer3.jpg\" alt=\"\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\/network layer\" width=\"900\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/layer3.jpg 900w, https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/layer3-768x192.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%DB%8C%D8%A7_Data_Link\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0645: \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 Data Link<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 OSI \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 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\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f (\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0648 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646-\u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646-\u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 PPP \u0648 L2TP \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2087 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/layer2.jpg\" alt=\"\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\/ data link layer\" width=\"900\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/layer2.jpg 900w, https:\/\/netran.net\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/layer2-768x192.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D8%A7_Physical\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644: \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 Physical<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 OSI \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u0686 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u062a 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height=\"225\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AC%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B9_OSI_%DA%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%9F\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 OSI \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f 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